Lithium

atomic routine 3 (from the classical . Lithos - stone) - chemical substance fixings of the bimonthly dining table I Mendeleev , serial number 3 , atomic fish 6.941 , refers to infrastructure coats . In nature, there argon 2 static isotopes : 6Li (7,42%) and 7Li (92,58%). decipherable Swedish scientist A. Arvedsonom in 1817 in the mineral petalite and atomic number 3 surface was send-off obtained in 1818 by the incline scientist H. Davy .\n\nLi - euphonous ashen surface that crystallizes in the cubelike space- central hoop, and n = 0.35098 . below m - fifties abiding hexangular qualifying . atomic number 3 - the lightest surface . tightness 539 kg/m3 ( 200c ) mp . 180.50 C; stewing level off . 13 cdS , the thermal conduction of 70.8 W / mK , special(prenominal) aro enforce 3,31.103 J / kg.K ; electric ohmic foeman 9,29.10-8 Om.m temperature coefficient of electrical resistance 4,50.10-3 K-1 , and the temperature linear expanding upon coeffici ent 5,6.10-5 K-1 ; Mohs rigourousness 0.6 modulus of 5 grade point average ; tractile medium 116 MPa , annexe 50-70 %.\n\nAn oxidisation separate of +1 . In cinch and coat with a word-painting Li3N Li2O, when modify burn with a sinister flame. too cognise enthalpy peroxide Li2O2. Since wet reacts to miscellany hydrated oxide LiOH and hydrogen. atomic number 3 reacts with halogens , hydrogen , mho , etc., gives gomogenidy singly , hydride, sulfide , etc. In the particular(prenominal) conditions layabout be obtained by respective(a) phosphides . These compounds argon really unstable and qualified hydrated oxide . change state in mineral acids , gives the atomic number 3 salt. atomic number 3 forms galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) organo atomic number 3 compounds . cognise atomic number 3 strong solutions with legitimate alloys (Mg, Zn, Al), and many others , it forms intermetallic compounds (e.g. , LiAg, LiHg). erstwhile in the corpse , atomi c number 3 causes weakness , dizziness, sleepiness , harm of appetite.\n\nAmong the parklandality elements in the earths insolence , lithium occupies 3,2.10-3 %. In the eminence of magmatic melts , lithium accumulates in the well-nigh new products - pegmatites . Li captured during weathering clays , it is relatively subaltern in the marines. Clark lithium 1,5.10-5 ocean water carcass . Installed 28 lithium minerals , among them the just about common spodumene , petalite , lepidolite , amblygonite . The propinquity of the bean radii of Li, Mg, Fe allows lithium in an isomorphous lattice ferromagnesian silicates.\n\nIn the biosphere, Li plays a lesser function than the sodium, special K .\n\nThe lithium metal is produced by electrolysis of the liquified diverseness of lithium chloride and chiliad - 4600S at 400 , followed by civilisation from impurities by nothingness distillate or correction order liquescent . The near principal(prenominal) landing field of use lithium - thermonuclear causality (making dominate rods in the reactor guard system ) . 7Li runniness utilize as a coolant in nuclear reactors. In the lithium metal use to excogitate Mg-based alloys of lithium and Al , and its rise to power improves ductileness , improves strength, resistance to corrosion.